Khrushchev s Influence On America - 1543 Words

From 1890-1990, America as a nation experienced constant, dynamic forces from a multiplicity of men and women. When one recalls these people, impactful Americans such as FDR, Henry Ford, Walt Disney, and many others come to mind. However, rarely does one look outside the country for people who created a lasting impact, although certain foreigners molded America during their lives. This particularly applies in the case of Nikita Khrushchev, as despite his status as the leader of another nation, he exerted the greatest influence on America during the time period. Nikita Khrushchev, the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953-1964 and the Soviet Premier from 1958-1964, rose to power in the chaos after Stalin’s death. During his time as leader, Khrushchev took part in many events that defined the climate of the Cold War. In the Berlin Crisis, where a significant number of people were leaving East Berlin for West Berlin, Khrushchev played a key role by demanding Kennedy attend a meeting to discuss the problem, and subsequently disrespecting the young president. Later on, in the Cuban Missile Crisis, where an American U-2 Spy Plane discovered offensive nuclear missiles in Cuba, Khrushchev further complicated the dire situation through his refusal to remove the weaponry. Beyond direct conflicts, Khrushchev sponsored the growth of the U.S.S.R.’s space program, leading to the launch of Sputnik I, and furthering the tense relationship between the SovietShow MoreRelatedThe Cuban Missile Crisis Essay1292 Words   |  6 Pagesnuclear weapons and nearly ended everything with them as well. America placed Jupiter Missiles with nuclear capabilities in Turkey and Italy, as part of NATO’s cold war deterrent against the soviets. This is what many people say started the tensions, we placed Nukes at their doorstep, thusly Nikita Khrushchev, the Soviet Premier feared the imbalance of power would prompt America to strike first. W hile this psychological fear of Khrushchevs is a piece to the puzzle, many other things factor into theRead MoreMilitary And Political Tension During The Cold War997 Words   |  4 Pagesduring 1947-1991, between the two countries that emerged as the world super powers at the end of the World War II, the United States of America and the Soviet Union. Quite a few events took place during the cold war that shape the country and its foreign policies during the cold war and a few years after it. Some of the events or policies that took place in the 1950’s pertaining to the cold war are: The Warsaw pact, the invention of U2 spy planes, Truman signing the Mutual Security Act, the constructionRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis : The Most Dangerous Time1421 Words   |  6 Pagestime in history. Within this 16 day span the world would be on edge, as the possibility of nuclear warfare was as close as it has ever been. Prior to the Cuban Missile Crisis, the U.S. had long economic and political ties with Cuba. In the Spanish-America War the U.S. helped Cuba gain its independence from Spain with military support. Soon after the U.S implemented the Platt Amendments that were used to protect Cuba’s independence from foreign intervention, and permitted U.S. involvement in all ofRead MoreFidel Castro Is The Man Associated With The Failure And1037 Words   |  5 PagesFidel Castro is the man associated with the failure and success of Cuba throughout the 20th Century. This essay will explore his role and influence in one of humanity s darkest moments, the Cuban missile crisis, which was a defining moment in Castro’s political life. As the leader of Cuba during the Cold War and Cuban missile crisis, he was responsible for defending Cuba sovereignty and interests amongst the superpower - the United States and Soviet Union. Memoirs would argue that former US PresidentRead MoreA â€Å"Cold Warà ¢â‚¬  has the definition of, â€Å"a conflict characterized by the use of means short of1700 Words   |  7 Pagesconflict characterized by the use of means short of sustained overt military action†. This is exactly what happened between two world superpowers, the United States, which was led by President Kennedy, and the Soviet Union, which was led by Premier Khrushchev, between the years of 1945 and 1990. The U.S. tried to keep communist contained so that it would not spread, but the U.S.S.R. had other plans. Though no large scale military attack between the two directly, there were several small skirmishes inRead MoreThe Views Between Communism And Capitalism Essay1417 Words   |  6 Pagesfor both comes down to quality of life. We can assume this is an argument between which is better for society, the Kitchen Debates explains the interaction between the United States’ Vice President Richard Nixon and Soviet Union’s Premier Nikita Khrushchev, as they showcase what each country has to offer. Through these exhibits, we get an understanding as to why their own views are considered superior, as they reflect on their own. By analyzing each party’s statements, we are able to figure out whyRead MoreThe Role Of Government In Indonesia1051 Words   |  5 PagesP.I persuaded people through flashy, deceitful, slogans accusations of blasphemy and capitalizing on anti-Western sentiments. The F.P.I.’s aim is to enact Sharia law in the near future, and their job has yet to truly take off, with analysts stating that religion has become a key player in Indonesian politics, despite a history of religious pluralism. The F.P.I.’s emotional exploitation for power is a continuous pattern in history, and is demonstrated by Adolf Hitler’s rise to power, Fidel Castro’sRead MoreTruman Doctrine1575 Words   |  7 Pagesspecific reason and therefore everything has its own time and place. One significant event in United States history had been the Vietnam War. However, the Vietnam War that I speak of didnà #9472;#8805;t last from the mid 1960à #9472;#8805;s to early 1970à #9472;#8805;s. Rather, the events that had lead up to the proceedings of the situation in Vietnam began on March 12, 1947 with the creation of the Truman Doctrine. Proceeding World War II, the threat of communism had been particularly high. In factRead MoreCuban Missile Crisis : The United States1054 Words   |  5 PagesSoviet Union. Starting with the Cuban Revolution in the 1950’s, which lead to our failure at the Bay of Pigs, and eventually culminating with the thirteen-day confrontation between our government and the government of the USSR regarding the placement of ballistic missiles in our close Caribbean neighbor, Cuba, the Cuban Missile Crisis was truly a terrifying experience. The placement of ballistic missiles in Cuba by Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev not only had massive implications in the Western hemisphereRead MoreThe Realist Perspective of the Cuban Missile Crisis 912 Words   |  4 Pagesbrought the world closer to nuclear war than ever before. In October of 1962 multiple nuclear missiles of the Soviet Union’ s were discovered in Cuba, a mere 90 miles south of the United States. Given the communist ties betwee n Cuba and the USSR, this poised a considerable threat to our national security. Throughout the 14 days the two leaders, John F. Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev struggled to clearly understand each others‘ genuine intentions. Actions taken by each state during this crisis demonstrates

Essay about Information Processing Theory - 1186 Words

Information Processing Theory Selicia Whidbee-Denmon AED202 April 1, 2012 Tracey Morgado Abstract Information Processing Theory The information processing theory is a group of theoretical frame works that address how the human beings receive, think about, mentally, modify and remember information and how such cognitive processes change over the course of development. (Child development pg.186) Information processing theory emerged in the late 1950s and early 1960s and has continued to evolve in the decades that have followed. (Child development pg.186) The five key components in the information process theory are sensation, perception, sensory register, working memory, and long-term memory. Sensation is the physiological†¦show more content†¦Then the information goes to working memory, which allows that active information to stay around for a few seconds. After that, in-depth processing begins making connections between new information and existing knowledge through rehearsal, organization, and elaboration. Last is the long-term memory which now stores the information for retrieval at a later day and time. Input from the environment is what keeps information going in the model. As a child grows, the child’s information becomes more complex, the distractions start to decrease and the attention span becomes longer. Children begin to process more and more and faster. The information process theory is used by researchers to study cognitive development in children. They have focused on areas such as the gradual improvements in children’s ability to take in information and focus selectively on certain parts of it and their increase attention spans and capacity for memory storage. (Ken R. Wells, healthofchildren.com) Infants-two years old As babies come into the world, they learn to use their senses to explore the world around them. Most newborns focus on and follow objects. Babies also see all colors, then they start recognizing faces and they also start imitating facial expressions of others. My four month old baby did see the different objects and tried to reach out to them. When he sees something new, he will touch it and then try to put it in his mouth. Or when heShow MoreRelatedInformation Processing Theory2838 Words   |  12 PagesThe information processing theory approach to the study of cognitive development evolved out of the American experimental tradition in psychology. Developmental psychologists who adopt the information-processing perspective account for mental development in terms of maturation changes in basic components of a child’s mind. The theory is based on the idea that humans process the information they receive, rather than merely responding to stimuli. This perspective equates the mi nd to a computer, whichRead MoreInformation Processing Theory2744 Words   |  11 PagesEntertaining Speech An entertaining speech is one whose sole purpose is to have the audience enjoy the presentation. The purpose of an entertaining speech is not to educate, inform or inspire †¦ it is to make the audience smile, relax, enjoy and maybe even laugh their heads off. How do you make a speech entertaining? There are many ways to entertain an audience. You can: * tell jokes * tell funny stories * dramatize an anecdote * tell a scary story When it comes right down toRead MoreThe Theory, Cognitive, And Information Processing911 Words   |  4 Pagesthrough experience. Each person has a unique way of learning, and for a child, it is the teacher s responsibility to understand how each child learns. There are several different learning theories. However, we will be discussing these three main theories Behavioral, Social Cognitive, and Information Processing. Behaviorism is everything that we can directly observe. According to the text on page 308, For the behaviorist, behavior is everything that we do, both verbal or nonverbal, thatRead MoreThe Social Information Processing Theory Essay2258 Words   |  10 Pagesliterary sources reviewed, researchers conducted independent studies that provide insight into the relationship between MMC and an increased aversion to in-person communication. Originally based on early computer technology, the social information processing theory (SIP), developed by Joseph Walther (Griffin, 2012) in the early 1990’s, derived from relevance from the asynchronous nature of computer mediated communication at the time. As technology has evolved, computers are no longer the only deviceRead MoreUnderstanding Piaget Theory And Information Processing Theory1208 Words   |  5 Pagesof Cognitive theories has many different aspects that have been debated many years ago. Developmental psychologists try to explain cognitive development approaches which describe the process of human s thought. One of the developmental psychologist who studied on the area of cognitive was Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget a Swiss psychologist was the first developmental researcher who has extensive research on cognitive development. In addition, the revolution of Jean Piaget’s cognitive theory has changedRead MoreStages of Learning and Information Processing Theory1694 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Basketball Research Report [Type the document subtitle] 3/21/2014 18218 Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 2 2.0 Stages of Learning 2/3 3.0 Information Processing Theory 3 4.0 Feedback 4 5.0 Conclusion 4 6.0 Appendices 5/6 7.0 Reference List 7 1.0 Introduction Motor learning, particularly in the early stages of learning a skill, involves attempts by learners to acquire an idea of the movement, (Gentile, 1972) or understand the basic pattern of coordination (NewellRead MoreNotes On Social Information Processing Theory1746 Words   |  7 PagesCoding Sheets 1 2 (Social Information Processing Theory) Coding Sheet 1 APA citation Lee, J., Lim, Y. (2014). Who says what about whom: Young voters’ impression formation of political candidates on social networking sites. Mass Communication Society, 17(4), 553-572. doi: 10.1018/015205436.2013.816743 Rationale or justification (page #: 553-555, 566-569) This topic is important because it allows us to gauge people’s perception and impressions of certain cues in the web environment. The researchRead MoreInformation Processing Theory: Influencing Cognition983 Words   |  4 PagesInformation Processing Theory: Influencing Cognition Historically, viable theoretical models have been developed and applied throughout the history of the field of psychology in an attempt to better understand how the human mind receives, processes, stores, and retrieves information. Understanding how the human brain receives, processes, stores, and recalls information is significantly important to psychological research of cognitive development and identifying deficiencies in learning. The vastRead MoreSocial Information Processing ( Sip ) Theory972 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Information Processing (SIP) Theory was developed by Joseph Walther and is used to explain how people form relationships across communication technologies. In the development stages, Walther built his theory using key ideas from Social Penetration theory and Uncertainty Reduction theory to aid understanding of SIP’s key concepts. Griffin (2015) explicitly states that SIP theory says that, â€Å"relationships grow only to the extent that parties first gain information about each other and use thatRead MoreModule Information Processing Theory of Learning2021 Words   |  9 PagesModule Information Processing Theory of Learning INTRODUCTION The information processing theory approach to the study of cognitive development evolved out of the American experimental tradition in psychology. Information processing theorists proposed that like the computer, the human mind is a system that processes information through the application of logical rules and strategies. Like the computer, the mind has a limited capacity for the amount and nature of the information it can process Objectives

Trade Ethics Principles

Question: Task 1 1.1. Explain the background and development of theoretical ethical approaches 1.2. Compare and contrast absolute and relative ethics 1.3. Explain the ethical issues which can affect the operational activities of a business. Task 2 2.1. Explain how business objectives are affected by ethical considerations. 2.1. Evaluate the implications for a business and its stakeholders to operate ethically Task 3 3.1. Assess the role of the company acting as moral agent 3.2. Analyse the development of mechanisms for achieving employee involvement and empowerment. Task 4 4.1. Research a current ethical issue affecting Primark. 4.2. Report on how Primark could improve the ethics of their operations whilst meeting objectives and ensuring good employer/employee relationships. 4.3. Design a suitable ethical code for your client. Answer: Introduction Business or trade ethics and principles can be explained as a collection of ethic and moralistic beliefs that monitor the behavior of an association and its representatives. Business beliefs are depended on ethic moral ideals that a company or its workers and employees grasp while operating the company business and look out for the business destination and goals. Mostly there is a code of ethics for all of the businesses (Absolute Versus Relative Success, 2002) that is distributed throughout the company and this code is followed or accepted by both administration and workers or employees in conducting companys various activities and like this they become the organization of commercial traditions of the association. This study and research includes that the customers require stylish clothes at reasonable prices. This research study shows that how Primark authority the garments it market in its chains in principled and light pattern, often at an additional price to itself. Trade morals and ethics are system of behavior and ethics of behavior within company contact that engage doing the correct thing. Task 1 Theoretical Ethical Approaches Development and Background The past of theoretical expansion in trade and business ethics or morals is wealthy or also very prosperous and subsequently this is a complete summary and outline of those expansions. Moral objectifies to the principles that differentiate the good things from the wrong ones in provisions of the behavior of an organization and the (ASADA, 2010) company. The verdict of an association may be morally the wrong or completely right. Teleological theory is defined as a perspective which is that if the outcome of a positive behavior is ethically right then any mode in receiving objectives must be acceptable. And therefore despite of the process the outcome of the great behaviour should be ethically right. Deontology is like a different side of the theory of Teleological and it argues on the fact that the task perform in obtaining a goal should be ethically correct and suitable. It mostly focused for the ethical duties and principles of a organization and company. Relative and Absolute Ethics Unconditional Ethics (Absolute) or morals point out to the perception that there are few and sometimes it also concluded that one code is carried out and enforced to all nations usually. This code has to be obeyed by everybody and all community members should be alert of this and must stick with it, while, Relative Ethics or principles point out to the idea which include that no single ethical standard which must be enforced (LIAO, 2010) for everybody. The Relative ethics and morals acknowledges the reality that the ethical ideas and faith of dissimilar societies may vary from one another and thus there is no single code and the standard that can be arranged and must be pursued and held by everybody. Operational Activities and Ethical Issues There are various ethical or moral considerations which a business be required to follow as operating within a state. The concussion of moral concerns was originally must be treated as extra expenses for the organization, but a recent study shows that moral or ethical main concerns can in reality be utilized to raise the productivity of an industry. Following are a few characteristic moral concerns for the administration in any association. Employment Law within a corporation has to pursue this employment policy and laws of the culture and society. Naturally, the employment laws connected to operational conditions, less wages, and justice in the wages, and also with some of (Wieland, 2001) the anti-discriminatory policies like working hours for example. These rules and the employment methods fluctuate within different countries and within different organizations respectively. The Cultural interests within a society conclude how the employees and clients of an association such as othe r stakeholders conclude the equality in the actions of an association. Task 2 Ethical Considerations and Business Objectives Usually the main business objectives of the company have been to increase the income, sustainability, and also increase shareholders worth, but after progression of stakeholder premise there must be an essential move in the industry goals towards convention with stakeholders prospect and adding maximization of the benefits. Usual the stakeholders of the industry excluding shareholders are clients, (Hoffman, 1991) workers and suppliers. The Primark clash to make sure that within the supply sequence, the supplies are being produced under some quality operational circumstances and the workers are being properly treated. The Primark for this provides preparation and some of the financial assist for the suppliers. Implication of company Ethics for the organization and for Stakeholders There are important implications for the ethical considerations within the business and also for its different stakeholders. And there is a marvelous amount of study which shows that the corporate, communal responsibilities have straight and an optimistic connection with the benefits of an association. The study shows that (Wieland, 2001) business social liability aspects and ecological actions are used by the organization within their marketing campaigns so that increase within their corporate product and client loyalty which eventually increases with the benefits. The Primark must conduct usual and careful audits to ensure that the supplies are some necessary principles. These principles as a result bring in the viable benefit of the corporation and add to client loyalty and business and status of the corporation. Task 3 The Group performs like a moral agent: The business firm which is like a moral agent must be studied under main two paradigms such as, contractual and another one is partnership paradigms. Business dense can proceed like a moral agent up to an extent which is on the interior face that it enlist its workers into a scheme that is extra with a financial venture also (Davis, 1995)on the outside front it collaborate with diverse stakeholders and the concentration of such Business values. That is why the concept of agreement, however essential, to clarify the character of the association as a major moral agent to some extent. Contracts set up rights and also some obligations and state what others are and also whats mine. Employee Empowerment and the Employee Involvement Employee participation indicates to the proceeding whereby an association provides its employees a few chances in the choice making procedure and therefore in the choice of the corporation and frankly affects the work of the workers. Employee empowerment indicate to a business configuration that facilitates the non executive staff in captivating independent decisions throughout the path of delivering (Wieland, 2001) and their duties. And in Primark, the corporation follows some of the code of ethics and morals and make sure (Knight, 1966) that the comparable followed during its supply sequence. In totality the corporation helps their suppliers and their employees to become extra efficient and creative which in spin and helps the corporation to attain cost competence. Task 4 Ethical Issues or concerns affecting Primark With the increase of the so called globalization and also with the profit that its provide mainly small costs of manufacture have required a lot of industries and especially the fashion business to select for a broad manufacturing instead of restricted construction. Globalization mostly offers these organizations the increase of benefits and effectiveness within the supply chain of the company. Primark company has been bearing such types of issues and concerns within the last era and looking as there is a need for stressed out now and then need to arrange the compensation to the name and total sales amount of the corporation when such an unprincipled experience is reported. The difficulty is emerged within 2005 when company Primark scored and gained 3.5points from 20 points on the moral directory which is depend on employees rights and unfair practices in working. And as a result Primark clearly denied awareness of such kind if unethical practices between its suppliers. Primark could recover the morals of their working and operations In reaction to the procedures that query Primarks moral and ethical practices are exposed different unethical practices in the middle of its suppliers mostly those working within growing countries like India and one more such as Bangladesh; Primark converted its idea of announcing, As worldwide name within a worldwide supply chain and (Absolute Versus Relative Success, 2002) have a duty to perform ethically. Primark is dedicated to providing the great and possible worth for the clients, but never next to the expenditure of the public who compose the organization products and items. Primark also selected an Ethical deal manager who is answerable to accomplish day by day audits on accessible and recently selected suppliers to make sure that moral practices are definitely implemented. Suitable ethical code for client To make sure that such type of scandals never comes out in future and this ethical code that Primark uses to stick to following the some major aspects within the code of principles. Employees in some of the supplier factories might never face any type of bonded, compulsory and the involuntary. Labor, there should neither any employee who is grateful to present identity credentials and the economic drop to turn into an employee. There should be a sufficient indentation among operational time periods for the employees to relax. Avoiding protracted operations Conclusion This study concludes that there is a need for a proper and precise system for service records. The scheme must comprise pay and operational hour calculation. This study helps to understand that the system should be clear and obvious and the suppliers make sure that they have clean and precise record of dishonesty free operations and it is accurate that, obtaining the ethical corporation with different companies and organizations can go ahead to the prevention of such conflicts. References Absolute Versus Relative Success. (2002). Science, 295(5563), pp.2173l-2173. ASADA, Y. (2010). On the Choice of Absolute or Relative Inequality Measures. Milbank Quarterly, 88(4), pp.616-622. Betz, J. (1998). Business Ethics and Politics. Business Ethics Quarterly, 8(4), p.693. Blake, E. (1966). Should the Code of Ethics in Public Life be Absolute or Relative?. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 363(1), pp.4-11. Davis, J. (1995). An Ethical Debate: Ethical issues. BMJ, 310(6983), pp.858-858. Goodpaster, K. (1991). Business Ethics and Stakeholder Analysis. Business Ethics Quarterly, 1(1), p.53. Hoffman, W. (1991). Business and Environmental Ethics. Business Ethics Quarterly, 1(2), p.169. Knight, F. (1966). Abstract Economics as Absolute Ethics. ETHICS, 76(3), p.163. LIAO, S. (2010). PARENTAL LOVE PILLS: SOME ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS. Bioethics, 25(9), pp.489-494. Saxman, S. (2014). Ethical Considerations for Outcome-adaptive Trial Designs: A Clinical Researcher's Perspective. Bioethics, 29(2), pp.59-65. SOME ETHICAL ISSUES. (1977). Anthropology News, 18(9), pp.14-14. Wieland, J. (2001). The Ethics of Governance. Business Ethics Quarterly, 11(1), p.73.

Lord of the Flies- Summer Reading free essay sample

Summer Reading Journal â€Å"Lord of the Flies. † by William Golding Chapter 1 Summary-The boys find themselves on an island and introduce their selves to each other. The two boys talk about the crash and the possibility of there being no adults, and wondering if there are any other boys that were on the plane with them. They find a conch shell after swimming in the beach water and Piggy tells a story about a man and how he blew on the shell to make a noise. Therefore, the boys decide to try to find others by using the shell, once they starting blowing on it the other boys start coming out of the jungle.They held a short â€Å"meeting† and decided three of them were going to go on an expedition to scout out their surroundings. Response-I believe the boys are going to be disappointed to find out their on an island and begin to loose hope. We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of the Flies- Summer Reading or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I also think that there is going to be trouble later on with the whole group of boys. They are probably going to become uncivilized and slowly loose sanity. Chapter 2 Summary-When the expedition is over Ralph called another meeting and tells the boys the results. There are not adults on the island, and they need to find some essentials.The boys start to become startled from a story from one of the younger boys. Piggy convinces the boys there is nothing to worry about and they need to focus on surviving. Piggy tells them they need to try to build a fire, so using his glasses angled at the sun they do just that. One of the boys disappear ad Ralph pretends that nothing has happened but he is ashamed. Response-I believe that the numbers are going to start decreasing more rapidly as the nights go on. It will probably soon turn in to a â€Å"Witch hunt,† of sorts. They are going to start killing others because they believe that them to be guilty.I hope that some of the boys will make it off this island alive. Chapter 3 Summary-Jack is trying to hunt a pig and sadly, he fails and mean while the other boys are making huts. The younger boys are playing in the water, and Ralph becomes angered at the empty promises that he hears at the boys meetings. Ralph is griping about the food, the nightmares of young ones, and the lack if work shown. Ralph and jack begin to bicker, trying to rebuild the friendship, they go swimming and it only makes the feelings stronger. Simon is walking alone in the woods helping the little ones. He stumbles upon a beautiful scenery and decides to take it all in and sit down for a while. Response-The boys are already getting irritable with each other and at this point, it could get much worse if they continue on this path. I think that if things do not start changing the group is going to break into smaller ones. They may become rivals. Simon is probably going to be killed if he keeps walking off alone. Chapter 4 Summary-The boys start to get use to the island life. The group starts to get bad visions as they nap or sleep. The little ones are mostly eating fruit and playing all day.The fruit begins to cause stomach ailments. The older boys start to torment the little ones by ruining sand castles and throwing rocks but making sure to miss. Jack obsessed with killing a pig brings some boys into the woods and goes for a hunt. A ship is coming up on the horizon when Ralph looks for the signal fire that the hunters were suppose to keep up and its not there. He becomes enraged, and when the hunters return they are covered in blood and rejoicing. Piggy was whining about the fire when Jack slapped him so roughly that one of the lenses of his glasses shattered. Ralph scolds them again and Jack apologizes to Ralph but to Piggy. The boys eat and Ralph calls a meeting on the beach. Response-The boys are growing hostel towards each other and making enemies amongst themselves. They are slowly loosing sanity and human characteristics. The boys are probably going to begin to argue about the food. I think that at the rate their going it will take less then a week to break them. Chapter 5 Summary-Ralph walks on the beach thinking about many things that a weighing on his mind. He blows on the conch to call a meeting, to discuss the problems.The little ones nightmares for example, one of the little ones claim to have seen a beast. The larger boys run into the dark woods over something that might not even exist. Ralph considers giving up leadership but convinced not to by Simon and Piggy. The boys are woken up by the echoing sounds of crying from one of the little ones. Response- The little ones nightmares are getting worse, and some are claiming to have actually see beasts. This is raising emotions and fears in the other boys in the group. The lack of sleep is going to start to get to these boys, and now they have to find the child who is crying.Chapter 6 Summary-The twins are watching the signal fire and they fell asleep and were not aware of the ongoing war above them. The fighter planes have a dogfight and one parachutist being ejected and is killed as he lands being tangled in the tress. When the boys awake, they tend to the fire, the parachutist body cast a ghostly shadow on the ground, and the twins mistake it for a beast. They run back to Ralph and the others and tell theme about what they saw. The boys decide to search the island for monsters. They all go except for piggy and the little ones. Response-In the jungle at night is not a place for anyone much less these boys, as they venture out with fear in their hearts I’m worried something bad is going to happen and the are going to loose a lot of boys. The Effort put into this is just wasted energy. The boys are going to be lost or split up. Possibly even killed or worse murdered. Chapter 7 Summary-Ralph and the other boys are scouting out the island looking for â€Å"Monsters. † They stop to eat in the woods, Ralph is getting down about the way the group it going and Simon cheers him up.They go on another hunt and are reenacting the kill they are pretending one of the boys and they nearly kill him forgetting it is only a game. One of the boys suggest that next time the use a real pig and Jack says lets use a little one instead. Ralph reminds the group it is just a game. Some of them volunteer to go back to tell the others they will be back in the morning. Jack convinces Ralph to go up the mountain with them instead of going back. The boys come across an ape looking shadow and go back to tell the others of the beast.Response-I think that the little ones are becoming a target to the older boys for sick games. I believe that something bad is going to happen to them very soon. I am also worried for Ralph going along with the other two boys considering the circumstances. Chapter 8 Summary-The next morning the boys are all talking about the beast that they claimed to see the night before. Jack tells the other boys about Ralph refusing to climb the mountain because he was scared. He told the rest of the boys they should vote Ralph out of power when the boys reject jack suggestion he become extremely angry.He declared he was leaving and who ever wanted to come was welcome. That night some of the boys snuck away to join jacks group. Jacks group kills a pig and puts its head on a stake for a sacrifice to the â€Å"Beast. † Mean while, Jack’s group raids the beach and Simon, goes back to his place that he admired nature’s beauty and found the pig head. He had a hallucination of the head talking to him and he fainted. Response-I was not surprised at the group splitting but I thought it would be piggy getting mad at Jack. The violence is really starting to set in now especially between Jack and Ralph.I think the two groups are going to start a war for food and territory. The human characteristics and morals are almost completely gone now and other’s sanity is drifting farther and farther. This is going to be a sad ending. Chapter 9 Summary-Simon wakes up with a bloody nose and stumbling, he finds the parachutists and vomits. He cuts down the man to show them it was not a beast but simply the man. All of the other boys are having a feast together, on the pig, they killed previously and Simon walks out of the darkness.Jack is covered in paint like a savage and tells the boys to do a hunting dance. When the boys see Simon they do not recognize him and begin to peruse him, they viciously start to rip him apart with their bare hands and teeth. His cries of pain and desperation do him no good he trips over the rocks and lands on the beach and the boys kill him. The boys run for shelter as the rain pours down it washes away the remains of Simon and the parachutist the see this and run away screaming into the darkness. Response-The savageness of the group has taken over and the real killings begin.I think the longer they are trapped on this island the more vicious these killings will become. Ralph group better be prepared for what is most likely coming next. The insanity is overwhelming and frankly shocking to see just how easily a human mind is ruined. Chapter 10 Summary-The next morning Ralph and piggy wake up bruised and ashamed of the actions from the previous night. Ralph is hysterical about the murder and piggy is trying to convince him nothing has happened. Jacks group truly believe Simon was the beast and ties up a little one and beats him they declare that the beast can take on any form. LAfter on that day Ralph’s group makes a fire and then is attack, he is confused as to why they would have willingly shared the fire but piggy knows why, they stole his glasses and the power to make fire. Response-Seeing as jacks group has attacked Ralph’s I believe vengeance is not very far behind. They have already gone to the lengths what has to say they will not go farther. The violence is probably going to get worse and the groups are going to end up killing each other. Chapter 11 Summary-The boys try to build a fire in the cold and find it is impossible without the glasses.The boys have a meeting and decide to go reason with Jack. When they get to the camp Jack has armed guards waiting and they order him to leave while throwing stones. Then Jack and his hunter come out of the woods and they argue. Jack demands Ralph to leave and Ralph demands to give back piggy’s glasses they break into a fight. Jack yells to his hunters to capture the twins and Ralph attacks again. Jack pushes a large rock down the mountain just missing Ralph but knocking down piggy and sending him to his death.Ralph ran away and Jack began to torture the twins forcing them to join his side. Response-I think Ralph is going to come back and try to kill jack for pay back. The twins with probably rebel within the group and help Ralph fight. I would hope the groups could just get along again to survive the predicament but it looks like only a few boys will survive. Chapter 12 Summary-Ralph hides in the jungle and thinks about all the death and realizes that all visions of civilization is now gone. He stumbles across the pigs’ head the â€Å"Lord of the flies,† just a skull now.He is mortified at the sight and out of anger takes the stick, which the skull was impaled with, as a weapon he plans to use on Jack. That night he goes back and finds the twins guarding the camp and they give him food but refuse to join him. He decides to sleep in a bush but wakes up to jack torturing one of the twins to find out where Ralph was hiding. Then Ralph realized they were trying to smoke him out with the rising flames. He fights his way past jack and some blood-covered hunters they chase him all the way to the beach where he collapses to the ground.Then Ralph looks up to see a naval officer who explained that he saw the flames of the fire. The officer looks at the boys and believes it is just all fun and games until is he told the truth. He is astounded at how quickly the boys, English boys have lost the rules of civilization. The boys ashamed and overwhelmed that they are going to be rescued sob uncontrollably. Response-The author showed just how fast we can loose our wits and sense of humanity. The author reveals just what be taken out of our normal surroundings can do. This book had a wonderful plot and a lot of imagination to create this classic.

Big Foot Essays - Fiction, American Folklore, Cryptozoology

Big Foot Big Foot, Yeti and Sasquatch Introduction Big Foot, Yeti and Sasquatch are all mythical giant apes, not know to be real or fake. The giant animal stands seven to nine feet tall and weighs between 600 and 900 pounds. The United States Big Foot ranges all over throughout the Northwestern part of the US The Yeti is a giant ape thought to dwell the areas around the Himalayas, at a town called Katmandu by Mount Everest. And finally the Sasquatch is the giant ape thought to roam throughout Canada. These three creatures are all basically the same mythical creature for the exceptance of being in separate areas of the Earth.. There is little known information on these animals, but there have been many sighting. Through that scientist are frequently getting information on Big Foot and sighting, daily. This increases there knowledge of this hidden phenomenon. Scientific Evidence on Big foot Footprints are one of the few pieces or hard scientific evidence, that tells scientist that there must be a Big foot out there says Scientist Roger Patterson. Footprints are really the only hard evidence of Big foot because photographs can be staged, faked, or hoaxed. A real footprint would match all the other reports of big foot prints. Since most of the Big foot imprints are usually the same size they cannot be just simply staged. That is why there are many cryptozoologic scientists that believe that big foot is definitely not false. In a effort to prove that big foot is in fact real, many experts continue to try to find hard, solid, scientific evidence to prove the theory of the big foot legend. Sightings of Big foot, Sasquatch, and Yeti Although there have been many, many big foot sightings, most of them are not actually real at all, but there are the exceptional few that are said to be true. People have been reporting Big foot sighting in the US and Canada since 1884. Big foot got it's name bigfoot from a road crew working in Northwest California in 1958. Nighttime work at the work site attracted a big visitor, which the road crew nicknamed Bigfoot They threw gasoline tanks all around the site to try to keep the giant ape away and it did in fact leave. When the workers looked throughout the perimeter, they found giant manlike footprints all over. This Big foot incident became national news. Sasquatch is actually a Big foot creature that lives throughout Canada. It has been seen primarily around the Western coast of Canada, but there have been a few Sasquatch sightings in the central area of Canada. Many native Americans in that area have seen this giant animal Sasquatch as a god in there culture and society. They have been worshipping this mythical ape for hundreds of years. Many sighting have been reported in Canada and the search for Sasquatch continues, in the science world. Sightings of Yeti have been very abundant throughout Nepal and the Himalayas. The first believable report of Yeti, was in 1925 when a Greek photographer, N.A. Tombazi, was pointed out a creature moving around at some lower slopes of the mountains. The strange animal was around a thousand feet away in an area with an altitude of 15,00 feet. The strange animal looked much like aa human, because it walked upright and it occasionally stopped to pick some wild mountain berries. Tombazi knew that it was in fact an ape because it showed up dark against the snow in the area. That meant that it had to be an ape of some sort. When he told the townspeople of Katmandu they told him that that was the giant ape Yeti. It is also a sort of worship, to the people of Katmandu. Probability of Big Foot Existence Many scientist's say that there is a very small chance of Big Foot existence. The reasons for that decision it the fact that man, keeps moving into uninhabited parts of the country. Because of that many experts feel that even if there was a Big Foot, somebody would have caught it on film, or actually taken a Big Foot photograph that wasn't a hoax. 98 percent of all Big Foot pictures or films, are proven to

English Final on connecting Waiting for Gadot Essays

English Final on connecting Waiting for Gadot Essays English Final on connecting Waiting for Gadot Essay English Final on connecting Waiting for Gadot Essay a drama, is preformed on a stage for a larger audience Reading a novel versus watching a play effects the audiences ways of seeing. This is something that John Berger questions throughout his text. His novel is based on the fact that seeing comes before words, however, once someone sees something they put what they see into words, and thats where the power is formed. A reader gets a completely different feel from a play versus a novel. Cavendish novel was a means for her to articulate her language in order to gain power. The use of the pronoun l occurred in the novel in reference to the author herself. The Empress insinuated that anyone is capable of creating a world of their own in which they hold the power, Cavendish stated this in her To the Reader section of the book, Although I have neither power time nor occasion to conquer the world have made a world of my own: for which no body, I hope, will blame me, since it is in every ones power to do the like (Cavendish 124). Cavendish uses this novel to show how much language articulates power. Unlike The Blazing World, a play in which the stage directions articulates power. The character that voiced power in this play was not even presented in the novel. This is very unique because it is not the persons direct language that articulated the power; it was the language and the actions of the other characters that articulated the power for Gadget. That is why dramatic texts are written in different formats. If this book were written as a novel, such as Blazing Worlds it would have has a total different effect. The audience needed to see how meaningless their language was. At the end of each act they said they were leaving verbally but did not move. This was something that the audience got to see and then felt how much power Gadget had over them. Estrogen: Well, shall we go? They do not move. (Becket 109 Act II) This line shows the main difference between a novel and a dramatic text. Reading a text can provoke an individual to view the language of who holds the power differently than being a member of a large audience in a theater. In conclusion language-articulating power differs significantly in The Blazing World and Waiting for Gadget. Waiting for Gadget established a world in which a character that never spoke held all the power due to how the two characters spoke of him; there language about him gave him the power. The Blazing World demonstrated a world in which she was language she made the people love her. Dramatic texts and novels can be understood differently based on the way it is preformed; explicitly regarding whom holds the power. Unlike Becket, Cavendish included her personal opinions and feelings to influence the reader alone. These factors play a vital role in the way the power of language is represented.

Impact Of Educational Systems On The Creativity Development Essay

Impact Of Educational Systems On The Creativity Development - Essay Example In addition, the reforms are also aimed at ensuring that students are taught in an environment that could promote their talents and creativity and not just be focusing on grades. Kaila (2005) argues that while education systems have been in existence for many years, most of them have been grade-centric with little focus on nurturing the learners’ innovativeness and creativity. Nevertheless, Mantel (2005) reports on new legislation in the education systems that address these needs. Particularly, the No Child Left Behind Act has been seen as being quite instrumental in ensuring that teachers work towards raising the performance of all students. While the legislation is arguably a great move towards raising the quality of education, several critiques observe the legislation’s focus on standardized testing cannot effectively tackle the problems affecting the American education system. It is hoped that there will be more educational reforms that will, among other things, lay emphasis on identifying and supporting unique talents among students. Such a move will create a favorable environment for identifying new talent and creativity among students and will, consequently, help in building holistic students (Geist & Hohn, 2009). The tremendous increase in the world population has led to more problems and demand for more services. In order to provide solutions to these inherent problems, Grazer (2013) observes that there is a need for creative and innovative solutions. The high competition in the workplace also demands creative employees with the ability to tailor their offerings in accordance with the needs of the customers. The challenges facing the society also need creative and innovative solutions. As a result, there is a great demand for creative individuals in almost all spheres of life, hence the need for education systems to focus on churning out holistic students.

Does the Second Admendment need alteration Research Paper

Does the Second Admendment need alteration - Research Paper Example In spite of their effectiveness, these documents have numerous flaws. The second amendment and its ensuing argument, is an example of a flaw, divides the country into two distinct camps (Carlson 2). This essay will advocate for repeal of the law to state that each household should have a firearm. Carlson asserts that the right for individuals in the U.S to bear arms has been the been the focus of various political debates (2). The debates revolve around the infringement of gun ownership by the U.S government. By restricting the possession of firearms, will the government be servicing its own selfish interests or is it simply being mindful about its citizen’s welfare. Do the government and its bodies, such as the senate, have the right to re-interpret this law to fit modern times (Gerber 4). This is considering the difference in time from when the law was first enacted. Another question regards the effects that would arise from this re-interpretation. Would this new and modified law help U.S. citizens or simply worsen the current situation? The crime rates in the U.S. are not dropping anytime soon, and the right to bear arms is not a cause of this trend (Charles 13). The individuals who bear arms are not the perpetrators of crime. The thieves, murderers and other villains possess their firearms illegally. For this reason, should the government concentrate on the second amendment or the laws on purchasing? In my opinion, the latter needs to be stricter to curb the prevalence of crime perpetrated by illegal firearms. The aforementioned fact of illegal firearms perpetrating crimes leads to the central argument of this essay. Charles continues to state that it should be universally established that families should be inherently granted the right to bear arms (14). Bearing arms assists families in protecting themselves from rapists, thieves and other thugs that

Corporate Law Corporate Manslaughter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Corporate Law Corporate Manslaughter - Essay Example But only just. The new draft bill on corporate manslaughter is a ghost of what was once proposed. But, for the first time in the United Kingdom, there might now be a chance of prosecuting large companies for killing their workers† (2005). Between 1997 and the 2005 adoption, twelve promises were followed by delays, and five thousand people died as Parliament deliberated (Monbiot, 2005). Home Secretary claims that delays were due to complexity of the law are belied by the rapidity which the Prevention of Terrorism Act was pushed through Parliament, which allows conviction prior to a fair trial (Monbiot, 2005). The law does not allow any individuals to be tried, only companies as a whole to be fined, which when combined with existing law that only direct knowledge and malfeasance on the part of directors can lead to a prosecution means that only small businesses are likely to ever see imprisonments (Monbiot, 2005). â€Å"As directors can still be disqualified and imprisoned for a gross breach of their duty of care towards their shareholders' investments, money in the United Kingdom will remain more valuable than human life† (Monbiot, 2005). Worse, the standard for senior management being tried is grossly minimal: It must be proven that the senior manager â€Å"sought to cause the organisation to profit† for them to be criminally liable (Monbiot, 2005). When seeking to punish a corporation for their malfeasance, particularly in the case of deaths caused by reckless or dangerous working environments, pursuit of profit or easily-avoidable issues such as quality of chemicals or safety controls for machinery, the legal justifications for pursuing action are a few fold. 1. Deterrent. Both the violating company and its staff and other companies and their staffs need to be put on notice that such behavior isn't tolerated. For example: In a civil suit against a company that willfully harmed an innocent, there should be a toll taken for the life of the i nnocent, then a toll taken for the psychological harm dealt to the family and loved ones, then finally a toll taken purely as a deterrent cost. 2. Justice. The person who died deserves their fate to be taken seriously, the harm rectified, amends done (Lewis, 2009). 3. Investigative, amends-based and reparatory. The family that died deserves to have someone make amends for and take responsibility for the action. And when it comes to an organization like a corporation, the investigation can bring to light other violations. It is in the first two realms that the Act is so limited. An unlimited monetary deterrent might be appropriate, but there are so many approaches for the defendant to mitigate the harm that it is unlikely that the fine will ever truly be a serious deterrent to companies with massive operating capital and cash flows (Reid, 2010). When it comes to corporate law, punishments need to be extremely severe because big companies have the ability to protect themselves using t ies to politicians and communities, deep pockets and powerful lawyers. More importantly, individual managers may think that, if a company faces a billion-dollar fine, the worst that will happen is that they will lose their job or will be demoted or punished,

Adam Bede Example Of Literary Realism English Literature Essay

Adam Bede Example Of Literary Realism English Literature Essay Adam Bede is written by George Eliot, whose real name was Mary Ann Evans, and it was published in 1859. It was published with a pseudonymous, even if she was a well published and highly respected scholar of that period. The novel has remained in print from that time and is used in university studies of 19th century English Literature.  [1]  When we talk about realism, we mean the mode of writing that gives the impression of recording or reflectingfaithfully an actual way of life. The term refers, most of the times confusingly, both to a literary method and to a more general attitude. But what it interests us here, is the literary method which is based on detailed accuracy of description (i.e. Verisimilitude- which is very important in this period).  [2]   Adam Bede is believed that it is one of the best examples of literary realism in England and English literature. Realism, as we said above, has to do with recording the life exactly as it is. So, writers do not have to imagine characters and plots that could fit in the real world. Furthermore, realists (and here George Eliot) focus more on the characters than on the plot. Aslo, realist literature appeared in England in 1840 and remained for about fifty years. It had many differences from the previous movement, Romanticism, and people in the beginning found it difficult to deal with the new idea of Realism and its meaning. In Adam Bede George Eliot creates the false illusion of a steady and immemorial rural world. We can say that it is a realistic novel, first of all, because of the manifesto on realism in Chapter 17 and because of the plentifully observed details, which are really important in a realist novel. It also charts the consequences of moral action. The world of Adam Bede is immemorial and the village that George Eliot had chosen for her book is really very difficult to change, rather than a city, and many of the conditions of change would come from the outside (e.g. From cities). If fiction has to have the kind of validity that implied by the scientific word experiment, as a means of discovering what really would happen in certain circumstances and not what one might wish to happen, the novelists imagination must at least be as rigorously disciplined as the scientists observation. So, George Eliot must first of all, establish that the world in which the events of the novel take place, really is the world in which we live in, governed by the same natural laws that govern human existence in the world we know. If she did not convince us of this, we could hardly take her findings seriously. And we can recognize in a novel, the real world we live in à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ as we recognize people and places we know à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ not so much by their measurable extent of problems as by a whole range of variable impressions that we are often hardly aware of noticing.  [3]   The first requirment for a true fiction is the hard presence of a recognizably real world, and as we can see in many points George Eliot supplies it throught the novel. For example, when she describes the workshop of carpenter (Adams wprkshop), she tries to give us the sense of how difficult it is this work, by the use of details and descriptions. Also, in the description of the dairy in which Hetty Sorrel makes butter, we have a symphony in colours and textures. These details, make us feel like we watch the whole scene and smell the fresh butter. Adam Bede offers the radical contrast of a world shaped through and through by moral judgement and moral evaluation. Technique is that which selects among the multitude of possible qualities, organizes them in the finite world of the novel, and holds them in a shape that can catch the light of our own awareness, which without shapes to fall upon, is ignorant. Technique is like the convex or concave surface of the spoon, and the different turnings ans inclinations to which it is liable. Technique lengthens or foreshortens, and while the rudimentary relationships of common experience remain still recognizable, it reveals astonishing bulges of significance, magnifies certain parts of the anatomy of life, of whose potentialities we had perhaps not been aware, humbles others. So, the massively slow movement of Adam Bede is one such shape making technique. It is true that we are generally persuaded of the actual slow movement of rural life, and it is rural life à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ the life of villagers, tenant farmers à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ that George Eliot describes.  [4]   Actually, as we can see up to now, George Eliot uses many descriptions, many images and many details in order to succeed her purpose: to write a realistic novel. She also uses facts from common people who live in the country-side and they are much more sensitive to the changes of life. Of course George Eliot has done very well her job and we continue. Ian Adams article, The Structure of Realisms in Adam Bede mentions these: Whatever traps for the unwary lie in the term realism, few would quarrel over its appropriateness for Adam Bede. The characters in the novel are ordinary in either social class or native endowment and frequently in both, its tragic action grows out of a commonplace seduction, and its setting is humble and representatively agrarian. Perhaps, even more important is the treatment of these subjects: there is a high degree of consistency and historical accuracy in details of time and place, the background is richly and minutely crowded with particulars, and the account of characters motives always stresses ordinary causes, rationally explicable. He also mention that: The distinction between realism of subject and realism of procedure is an important one. Both kinds of realism exist in Adam Bede, as they do in most realistic novels, detailed presentation tending to go hand in hand with the selection of commonplace an d usually unfamiliar and unconventional subject. Realism of subject in the novel has perhaps had the most thorough treatment, particularly in discussion of the rustic background and the unheroic nature of the central characters. Ian Adam believes that Adam Bede is really a realist novel.  [5]   Another key of the realistic novel of Adam Bede is the description of the natural beauty of Englishs countryside, especially in scenes of sadness or evil. For example, when Hetty tries to find Captain Donnithorne, the countryside is very luxurious and the day is beautiful . Many people would think that this appearance of the day, represents also the beauty of Hetty; the outside,but also the outside beauty. But George Eliot here, tries to mislead us and she encourages us to look beyond the surface of people and things to their deeper characteristics. So, Eliot as we can see, tries to pass to the readers some messages about the people in the real life and she wants to make her readers more conscious. In Adam Bede George Eliot also tries to represent the life of the 19th century in England and especially in the countryside. As we can see from the novel, people faced many difficulties and the community was pretty strict. Even if some people were good some times they had to become evil and face the real life and the problems. George Eliot was also very careful about the use of language. She used the every-day language of that period in order to make the novel more persuasive about it realistic style. An example of the difficulties that people faced in the society of 19th century is the life of Adam. Adam is a hard man who learns, first through the death of his father and then through the suffering of an inferior being whom he loves, sympathy towards weakness. But what the idea of Adam represents in ones mind is not such a development, but something much more static. What it remains to the readers about him, are the qualities that he has from the first, summed up in his words to Arthur. (Ive seen pretty clear, ever since I could cast up a sum, as you can never do whats wrong without breeding sin and trouble more than you can ever see (Chapter 16) ). As we can see, Adam is a massive representation of the central Eliotic belief, but his dramatic existence, his learning through suffering, even his suffering itself, are by comparison notional.  [6]   As it mentioned in many books, the story of Adam Bede was actually the representation of the real life of George Eliot. In the beginning when people learned about that were a bit confused and afraid. It was pretty hard for them to believe that everything or pretty everything that was written in Adam Bede was in reality the life of George Eliot. This clue, could show us why the novel had so many details and descriptions. Also, because at first, the book was published anonymously, most of the readers believed that it was written by a man. Finally, to sum up, we could say that Adam Bede is one of the first realist book in England. It represents reality in many different ways, using many descriptions, a lot of details,use of everyday language, representations of landscapes full of colours and smell. Using the right methods and techniques George Eliot managed to write a realist novel which flurried not only because it was the story of the real life of George Eliot, but also because it was from the first novels with a realist context and it was pretty difficult for the readers of that period to understand it and understand its meaning. Unfortunately, there were many who fight George Eliot and Adam Bede but when the years pasted, they understood the value of this novel and they used it also in university studies. Only from this decision we can see how important was this novel for English Literature and more specific, about the Realist Literature of England.

Comparing Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things and Chinua Archebe’s

Comparing Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things and Chinua Archebe’s Things Fall Apart Literature is an amazing form of expression. A multitude of things can be said so in so many creative ways. Whether the story that is being told is true or fiction, the important thing is how it is told. The structure of a story is what gives it power, strength and the ability to move readers. Arundhati Roy and Chinua Achebe are two very talented authors who express their stories in two very different and unique ways. Although their stories are structurally different they have many similarities regarding class structure, societal issues, moral and family betrayals, and tragedy. The God of Small Things, a novel, by Arundhati Roy unravels the secrets of a family in India. Arundhati Roy uses an intriguing technique to tell the story of Ammu, Rahel, Estha, Sophie Mol, Velutha, Mammachi, Chacko, Margaret Kochamma, and Baby Kochamma. Roy starts the story by in a way paraphrasing all the events that are to occur throughout the story. She then proceeds to tell about the funeral of Sophie Mol and Ammu, Rahel, and Estha’s trip to the police station. She begins the story at the end. The reader does not find out until much later who Sophie Mol is and why Ammu and the twins went to the police station. Roy continues the story by jumping from Rahel and Estha’s childhood to their adulthood. Every chapter jumps from past to present. In every chapter Arundhati Roy answers or creates more questions about her characters lives for the reader. She uses repetition throughout the story to make the reader pay attention, remember, and wonder what she is trying to get across. Roy also uses wonderful metaphors, similes, and figurative language to ... ... one who killed his own son. He did not want to look weak in front of his fellow clan members. Okonkwo suffered internally for what he did. Despite the fact that these novels by Roy and Archebe differ widely in structure, they share many common themes. Both authors had their own special way of getting the story out, yet wanted to show the same things. Class structures, societal issues, moral and family betrayal all play a huge part in the lives of their characters. Many times these themes had terrible consequences and even ended up causing tragedy. These three things had the ability to change history forever. Â   Work Cited: Roy, Arundhati. The God of Small Things. HarperCollins Publishers, Inc. New York. 1997. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Vol. 2c seventh edition. Archebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart.

Differentiation Strategies of Gm

Differentiation strategies are not about pursuing uniqueness for the sake of being different. Differentiation is about understanding customers and how GM ‘s product can meet their needs. To this extent, the quest for differentiation advantage takes us to the heart of business strategy. The fundamental issues of differentiation are also the fundamental issues of business strategy: Who are GM ‘s customers? How does GM create value for them? And how does GM do it more effectively and efficiently than anyone else? Because differentiation is about uniqueness, establishing differentiation advantage requires creativity – it cannot be achieved simply through applying standardized frameworks and techniques. This is not to say that differentiation advantage is not amenable to systematic analysis. As have observed, there are two requirements for creating profitable differentiation. On the supply side, GM must be aware of the resources and capabilities through which it can create uniqueness (and do it better than competitors). On the demand side, the key is insight into customers and their needs and preferences. These two sides form the major components of our analysis of differentiation. In analyzing differentiation opportunities, GM can distinguish tangible and intangible dimensions of differentiation. Tangible differentiation is concerned with the observable characteristics of a product or service that are relevant to customers’ preferences and choice processes. These include size, shape, color, weight, design, material, and technology. Tangible differentiation also includes the performance of the product or service in terms of reliability, consistency, taste, speed, durability, and safety. Image differentiation are especially important for those products and services whose qualities and performance are difficult to ascertain at the time of purchase (â€Å"experience goods†). These include cosmetics, medical services, and education. By offering uniqueness in its offerings, GM may inevitably target certain market niches. By selecting performance, engineering, and style as the basis on which BMW competes in the automobile industry, it inevitably appeals to different market segments than does VW. To the extent that differentiation is imitated by other companies, the result can be the creation of new market segments. During the 1990s, General Motors’ segmented marketing strategy that targeted each brand on a specific price bracket and particular socioeconomic category ran into increasing problems as US customers showed less and less identification with the segments GM had defined for them. Demand analysis identifies customers’ demands for differentiation and their willingness to pay for it, but creating differentiation advantage also depends on a firm’s ability to offer differentiation. To identify the firm’s potential to supply differentiation, we need to examine the activities the firm performs and the resources it has access to. Pros and cons A strategy use by GM to seek competitive advantage through uniqueness (develop goods and services that are clearly different from those made available by the competitors)This strategy requires organizational strengths in marketing, research and development, technological leadership and creativity . They provide good services to the customer which services are different from other organization . G. M. is a multinational corporation engaged in socially responsible operations, worldwide. It is dedicated to provide products and services of such quality that our customers will receive superior value while our employees and business partners will share in our success and our stock-holders will receive a sustained superior return on their investment These days, GM realize how important it is to have employees trained in good customer service skills working in their contact center if they want to enhance their reputation. For example training staff in problem solving and the ability to multi task in areas such as navigating complex databases and switching between different computers to find information for the caller is now becoming a routine function in a modern contact center. It is therefore an advantage for call center employees in today’s workplace to have the ability to think quickly on their feet so they can deal quickly with involved information while working under pressure. GM also providing Transportation Services: Here GM aim at providing top nick transportation services to the customers and satisfy them to maximum extent. GM know that a delay in shipping the freights can cause considerable loss to the clients and the business, therefore on-time delivery is extremely important to us. The network of truck agents which are located at all over the booking points ensure that your consignments reach to its final destination in full secured mode, GM also gratify to all your transportation needs by providing you door-to-door Pick Up & Delivery Transportation services.

The Financial Crisis Impacts on East Asian States

The Financial Crisis Impacts on East Asian States Introduction East Asian crisis of 1997/1989 is listed among the most transmittable economic crises in the last two decades (Shambaugh Yahuda, 2009, p. 5). Countries which were most affected include Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand and South Korea. However, the crisis also affected other economies like China, Singapore and Taiwan. This crisis started as a speculative attack on Thailand’s economy in mid 1997 but quickly spread to the neighbouring economies. By October 1997, Thai currency had fallen by approximately 40 percent, Philippine and Malaysian currencies by 30 percent and the rest of East Asian currencies by 35 to 40 percent against the American dollar.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Financial Crisis Impacts on East Asian States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The worst hit economies experienced grave socio-economic and political challenges (Lane, 1999, p. 5). This crisis later took a ne w dimension, commonly known as twin crisis. The policy response to the currency crisis later led to a crisis in the financial institutions. This took place mainly in South Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia. This crisis caused total chaos in Indonesia due to its impact in the political and economic front. However, Taiwan and Singapore escaped without dire consequences. Republic of China, particularly Hong Kong took ground-breaking steps to avert the effect of the crisis (Radelet Sachs, 2001, p. 2). The financial crisis was attributed to the advent of globalization. However, there are numerous alternative explanations on the cause of this crisis. Frankel and Kose (1996, p.352) attributed the looming crisis to flagging fundamentals. In other words, huge budgetary deficits, increased money supply, massive deficits in the current account, and reserve losses. They explain that when these principle elements are not consistent with monetary supply they can cause speculative attack. Lane (1999, p. 8) attribute it to moral hazards such as lack of transparency which leads to selection challenges making the economy defenceless. These vulnerabilities can be hidden until the crisis hit. He also adds that economies’ inability to service outstanding short-term debts may have caused the crisis. Radelet and Sachs (2001, p. 12) argued that herding and panicking may have forced rational investors to pull out their investment in anticipation of the crisis. This paper will focus only on three countries: Malaysia, South Korea and Thailand. Pre-Crisis Before the crisis, these countries were experiencing stellar economic growth. Their GDP grew very rapidly at two digits from 1990 to 1996. With their cumulative growth rate being over 110 percent in the seven year period, there is no wonder economists referred to them as miracle economies. However, when the crisis hit between 1997 and1998, these countries were most affected (Berger, 2003, p.388). Experts argue that the cu rrent account deficit might have played a huge role in the currency crisis in these three countries. Prior to the crisis, these three countries had massive current account deficit. Their percentages were way above five percent which many would regard as very risky. It is believed that the high economic growth experienced in the three countries before the crisis was boosted by massive import of capital goods at the expense of exports. This may have contributed to the massive deficit in the current account (Calder Ye, 2010, p. 25; McDougall, 2007, p. 5). In addition, the gap between investment and saving may have also contributed to the current account deficit. Even though East Asian is generally well known for high saving rate, the high level of investment required to sustain the rapid growth rate during the seven-year period meant that the three countries were spending more than they were saving (McDougall, 2007, p. 6).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? L et's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to the theories of international economics, current account deficit should be equal to the current account surplus. Current account surplus is therefore the flipside of the current account deficit (Kevin, 2011, p.10). In the seven-year period (1990-1996), South Korea, Malaysia and Thailand had capital account surplus. In other words, they had strong capital inflows. A large capital inflow is not necessarily an issue, but inflows (in forms of short term debts) can be very problematic to the economy. Given the high level of competition especially from the emerging Asian giants (Indian and China), foreign direct investment was declining thus necessitating these kinds of inflows to fuel rapidly growing economy. In 1996, total foreign loan as a percentage of gross domestic products was estimated to be over 40 percent in Thailand, 25 percent in South Korea, and 22 percent in Malaysia (MacIn tyre, Pempel Ravenhill, 2008, p. 45). On the other hand, short term debts constituted more than 75 percent of the total loan in South Korea, 65 percent in Thailand, and 56 percent in Malaysia. Therefore, these countries relied heavily on short term loans to fuel their economies (Kevin, 2011, p.10). The crisis was further aggravated by exchange rate regime and financial liberation (Calder Ye, 2010, p. 26). Thailand, South Korea and Malaysia were on a quasi-peg system with their monetary policies being regulated within narrow bands. Even though quasi-peg system minimises currency volatility, local currency policies must conform to the pegged currency. Since all these countries peg their currency against the U.S dollar, their policies put a lot of pressure on the exchange rate. Furthermore, the inflation rate for these countries was above 5 percent compared to the United State’s 2.5 percent (Calder Ye, 2010, p. 27). As expected, the currency should have depreciated against th e dollar. However, since the exchange rate system in these countries strived to stabilize the currency, it led to overestimation of currency values in a number of ways. In addition to their low level of global reserves, the three countries became more vulnerable to speculative attack. The exchange rate vulnerability coupled with financial liberalization meant that the build-up in vulnerability was unavoidable (MacIntyre, Pempel Ravenhill, 2008, p. 45). The factors that precipitated susceptibility to the actual crisis were the speculative attack on Thailand’s currency in mid 1997. The early attack was massive and extended to other countries within East Asia. The crisis exposed Thai Central Bank which had reported deceptive figures on usable reserves (Lane, 1999, p. 8). The financial crisis was similar to the crisis that hit Mexico in 1995 and the difference was only on the excessive capital outflow.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Financial Crisi s Impacts on East Asian States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Within the first quarter of the crisis only, Thailand’s estimated capital flight was almost 30 percent of gross domestic product. This was way too high than the figure recorded in Mexico during the 1995 crisis (McDougall, 2007, p. 10). The excessive capital outflow was as a result of the response to the susceptibilities that had accumulated and at that particular moment, it was observed through depreciating currencies (Radelet Sachs, 2001, p. 17). The three main elements of this crisis were capital outflow, minimum reserves, and volatile interest rates. Having to defend capital flight that was destabilizing their currencies and low international reserves, the central banks in Thailand, South Korea and Malaysia had no other option but to float their currencies and increase interest rates to avert total economic breakdown. Given their exceedingly leveraged economies, incre asing interest rates in these countries was very agonizing and had undesired effects (Calder Ye, 2010, p. 29). The initial currency crisis led into another crisis in the local banking sector. The real sector also felt the impact of the rising interest rates since the rate of defaulters also increased. The severity of this crisis was evident in contracted GDP. The average GDP growth for the three economies during the crisis fell below 9 percent in contrast to 11 percent witnessed before the crisis. The monetary sector also experienced similar radical contraction (Radelet Sachs, 2001, p. 17). Post-crisis Initially, Thailand, Malaysia and South Korea embraced policies that had contracting effect. The principle objective of these policies was to stabilize the economy. This lasted from August 1997 to almost September 1998. Afterwards, they started using expansionary/pro-growth policies (Berger, 2003, p.389). If the pace and extent at which these economies went down were astounding, the pace of their recovery was similarly astonishing. By August 1999, real GDP for these countries had become positive. Economic growth in Malaysia, South Korea and Thailand got a boost from the strong growth in the global economy. With all of these countries witnessing positive growth in the economy, the recovery process was genuine. Undoubtedly, South Korea registered the strongest recovery (Calder Ye, 2010, p. 30). Even though the macroeconomic policies embraced by these countries were the same, their policy response was not the same. Given the massive capital flight and its impact on the economy, these countries had to either avert the situation or find new inflows to prevent total economic collapse (MacIntyre, Pempel Ravenhill, 2008, p. 46). Malaysia opted to impose policies that regulated capital outflow and fixed its currency. However, Thailand and South Korea preferred the IMF route. In other words, they accepted huge financial packages from the International Monetary Fund. S outh Korea received 58 billion dollars while Thailand was given 36 billion dollars. Nevertheless, the IMF packages came with conditions. Besides the official financing, these countries (South Korea and Thailand) were required to adopt structural reforms and embrace new macroeconomic policies. Even though the path chosen by these countries were not the same, their macroeconomic policies were almost similar (Radelet Sachs, 2001, p. 17). The main aim of the IMF’s structural reform was leveraging. This was to be accomplished in two stages. First, these countries had to tidy up the mess created by the crisis, and this was to be followed by reinforcing the remaining structures.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The first step entailed resuscitation of the vital institutions and closing down the institutions that were not viable. South Korea and Thailand conformed to these standard procedures. However, Malaysia preferred a different path. It opted to absorb unviable institutions instead of doing away with them. The second part of structural reforms was largely the same in these countries (MacIntyre, Pempel Ravenhill, 2008, p. 48). Conclusion From the study, it is very clear that before crisis started East Asian countries had started to show flaws and vulnerabilities. This conforms to a number of literatures explored in the current study. As noted earlier, the three main elements of the crisis were capital outflow, minimum reserves, and volatile interest rates. Having to defend capital flight that was destabilizing their currencies and low international reserves, the central banks in Thailand, South Korea and Malaysia had no other option but to take necessary steps to avert the crisis. Even though these countries followed different paths to stabilize the economy, they employed almost identical macroeconomic policies. References Berger, T. U. 2003, Power and Purpose in Pacific East Asia: A Constructivist Interpretation. In G. J. Ikenberry and M. Mastanduno, eds., International Relations Theory and the Asia-Pacific, Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 387-419. Calder, K. Ye, M. 2010, The Making of Northeast Asia, Stanford University Press, Stanford. Frankel, J. Kose, A. K. 1996, ‘Currency crashes in emerging markets: an empirical treatment’, Journal of International Economics, vol.41, pp. 351-366. Kevin, G. C. 2011, The Political Economy of East Asia: Regional and National Dimensions, Palgrave Macmillan, New York. Lane, T. 1999, ‘The Asian financial crisis: what have we learned?’ Finance Development, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 5-45. MacIntyre, A., Pempel, T. J. Ravenhill, J. 2008, Crisis as Catalyst: Asias Dynamic Political Economy, Cornell U niversity Press. McDougall, D. 2007, Asia Pacific in World Politics, Lynne Rienner Pub., Boulder, Colorado. Shambaugh, D. Yahuda, M. 2009, International Relations of Asia, Rowman Littlefield publishers, Inc. ISBN: 978-0742556959.

Learn Whether Cloud Seeding Can Kill Hurricanes

Learn Whether Cloud Seeding Can Kill Hurricanes Efforts at storm modification date back to the 1940s, when Dr. Irwin Langmuir and a team of scientist from General Electric explored the possibility of using ice crystals to weaken storms. This was Project Cirrus. Enthusiasm about this project, combined with devastation from a series of hurricanes that made landfall, prompted the U.S. federal government to appoint a Presidential Commission to investigate storm modification. What Was Project Stormfury? Project Stormfury was a research program for hurricane modification that was active between 1962 and 1983. The Stormfury hypothesis was that seeding the first rain band outside of the eyewall clouds with silver iodide (AgI) would cause supercooled water to turn into ice. This would release heat, which would cause the clouds to grow faster, pulling in air that would otherwise reach the wall of clouds around the eye. The plan was to cut off the air supply feeding the original eyewall, which would cause it to fade away while a second, wider eyewall would grow further from out from the storms center. Because the wall would be wider, air spiraling into the clouds would be slower. The partial conservation of angular momentum was intended to decrease the force of the strongest winds. At the same time the cloud seeding theory was being developed, a group at the Navy Weapons Center in California was developing new seeding generators that could release large amounts of silver iodide crystals i nto storms. Hurricanes That Were Seeded With Silver Iodide In 1961, the eyewall of Hurricane Esther was seeded with silver iodide. The hurricane stopped growing and showed signs of possible weakening. Hurricane Beulah was seeded in 1963, again with some encouraging results. Two hurricanes were then seeded with massive quantities of silver iodide. The first storm (Hurricane Debbie, 1969) weakened temporarily after being seeded five times. No significant effect was detected on the second storm (Hurricane Ginger, 1971). Later analysis of the 1969 storm suggested that the storm would have weakened with or without the seeding, as part of the normal eyewall replacement process.​ Discontinuing the Seeding Program Budget cuts and lack of definitive success led to the discontinuation of the hurricane seeding program. In the end, it was decided that funding would be better spent learning more about how hurricanes work and in finding ways to better prepare for and lessen the damage from natural storms. Even if it turned out cloud seeding or other artificial measures could lessen the intensity of the storms, there was considerable debate about where on their course the storms would be altered and concern over the ecological implications of changing the storms.

On killing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

On killing - Essay Example Grossman has utilized Milgram’s experiment of obedience as his research base. According to Milgram’s findings, humans obey authority and inflict pain on the subject without the rational evidence, but only due to obligatory requirement. Thus, Freud’s intuitive theory of human nature contradicts with this dichotomy, which emphasis that undue submission and pressure by authority evokes rebelliousness in the subordinates (Grossman, p.142). The author also lays an emphasis on the dichotomy of human intrinsic defence mechanism; this enables individuals to either fight for their survival in a threatening environment or escape from it, which is either due to fear or strategic aversion of killing another human being (Ibid, p.143). Another unanticipated fact about killing in a war is that without a leader’s direction, soldiers often feel without a sense of direction. Hence, become incapable of determining their own action, which shows the abrupt nature of humans to require authority, set path for direction and specific guidelines to react or respond in certain situations (Ibid, p.145). Leaders possess or influence subordinates in both physiological and psychological manner. Their presence can persuade subordinates to act in the most violate manner and can also impede them from violation. The repute of a leader or authority, the nature of demand of killing from the authority and authenticity of leader’s command act as the sound and rational bases for a subordinate to follow the commandment of a leader without consolidating it with his own belief or values (ibid, p.145). In addition, the author has also signified the importance of posture and submission process along with killing or fleeing mechanism in the time of war or life threatening situation. The hostility of a being is detected through its basic nature, posture or level of fear. Thus, one can determine that a baboon and rooster do not tend to attack

Sustainable Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sustainable Management - Essay Example The per capita income for this county was low than average per capita income of U.S.A, and this company’s introduction was great news to them. Its establishment in this area would see a vast population benefiting from it through employment thus, boosting the county’s economy to another level that is better than the current one. Despite the above mentioned benefit, there are a number of obstacles that come along with this company’s establishment. Beaufort town is internationally famous for a variety of issues such as the famous Hilton Head resort. This hotel attracts many vacationers from all over the world who travel every year just to enjoy the beauty of Mother Nature. It is with this reason that the Management of Hilton Head got worried about the disaster that BASF as a chemical production company would cause to the environment that they depended much on for their livelihood. The existence of this chemical plant meant that air and water would be polluted because it had no plan for constructing its own dumping site or even recycling the waste products. This situation was disastrous for this resort because it would prevent millions of vacationers from traveling to this region. It is true that this was a typical situation that had arrived in front of the department of Beaufort and the people of this county (Fisher and Lovell 2006. As a chemical plant, lots of employment would be available for the people of this town and its per capita income would also rise. But the issue about pollution needed to be sorted out in order for these two companies to trade fairly because the whole situation comes under the moral and ethics of business in an environment. Many governments across the world have shown much concern on issues regarding environmental pollution. Apart from governments, NGOs are also taking part on the fight against environmental pollution which has consumed lives and interfered with the agricultural sectors. Pollution has

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Genetics - Essay Example Genes are the basics of genetics (Nadeau & Dudley 2011, 1015). Genes are packed in bundles referred to as chromosomes. They are threadlike structures that are located inside the nucleus of a living being. For a human being, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes meaning that there are a total of 46 chromosomes (De Koning & Haley 2005, 386). Of these pairs of chromosomes, 1 pair is the sex chromosomes that determines the sex of an individual and their body characteristics. The other pair of chromosomes is referred to as autosomal chromosomes and their function is to determine the rest of the body make up. Gregor Mendel is referred to as the father of genetics due to his study of the inheritance in pea plants. A gene contains an allel that is inherited from both parents i.e. tongue roller and non-tongue roller are alleles for the ability to roll the tongue and more than two allels can exist for any specific gene but only two of them will be found in an individual. Allels may be similar or different and if they are identical for a gene are referred to as a homozygous. If the organism has two different alleles for a gene, it is a heterozygous. He hypothesized that these allels separate randomly during gametes production i.e. an egg and a sperm that will carry only one allel for the inherited trait. When they unit each gamete will contribute its allele restoring the paired condition of the offspring (Moore 2001, 21). This is referred to as the law of segregation. He also found out that each individual pair of alleles will separate independently of the other pair of alleles during the pro cess of gamete formation and referred this as the law of independent assortment. He also described that if the two allels of an inherited pair are different (heterozygous), only one will determine the organism’s appearance and will be referred to as the dominant allele while the other one is the recessive allele. He referred this as the

The Non-universality and “Culturality” of Literature Essay Example for Free

The Non-universality and â€Å"Culturality† of Literature Essay Features that Makes Literature Uniquely Cultural and Not Universal By romance novels alone that are judged as trashy and unhelpful to the critical thinking growth of women and yet hundreds of such books are still hoarded, it is already quite evident that literature is one discourse in a person’s life that is deemed as necessary and important—if such romance novels can be considered as literature that is. Romance novels are known to contain sexual innuendos, hot coital sessions, shallow plots and character developments and other literary elements which can be regarded as being unliterary and even mortifying in the conservative circles. For centuries, romance novels in all forms and genres have been created, edited, published, banned, exalted, and burned. Whether those banned and burned novels end up with such fate because they are considered to be too much for the general public for the taboo subjects they depict or because the books does not have any literary value, this could just mean that there are certain subjects that stirs scandals and controversies in particular settings and culture. But a taboo subject in one particular culture does not mean that it is a taboo subject in other cultural settings—it could be something like the Theory of Relativity wherein something is applicable in one setting while it cannot be the same circumstance for other settings. It is because of this aspect that certain genres and forms of literature be regarded as unique only to particular setups. Thus, literature is not something which is seen as universal that involves the entire human race—literature is something which can be judged as a discourse or subject that is cultural and universal the same way that it is only women who are majorly magnetized by romance novels compared to men and the same way that sex is something which is considered as taboo in Asian countries while the West nonchalantly discuss about it. Literature therefore is not universal for if this is true, then why is it that some novels, poetry or plays are majorly disliked by a group of people while another group of people greatly admire it? If literature supposedly connects human beings and links everyone together with a â€Å"universal thread†, then why is it that people still have great conflict on themes, plots, dialogues and characters presented in books? Literature therefore is cultural and particular in a way that it embodies the language of a nation, the history of society, a society of a group, a culture of a country, the customs, traditions and practices of state. Thus, what is literature but something which is uniquely distinct to a culture? Before a discussion on whether literature is universal or not, it should first be explained on what is literature. Literature is often defined as a produce from one’s imagination that has ascetic creativity and which reflects humanity in that one single product of humanity or ascetic creativity: â€Å"Stories from myth and legend persist in our culture because they evoke deep emotional responses from us, shaped as we are by those stories, often from a very young age† (Trupe 164). Then, a written work that is fictional can be considered as literature but this definition is actually wrong and misleading. Going back to the subject of romance novels, can these books be regarded as literature when they so obviously do not contain any ascetic creativity at all? Just because something is ictional or imagined, it does not mean that it is literature. But at the same time, not all literature is fictional—are there not biographies, autobiographies, speeches and essays that are wholly true but are still seen as literature? Maybe, literature is such a broad subject that it is indefinable—even John Spriggs who wrote on literary discourse and criticism wrote that literature should not be defined at all because it would restrict literature to a particular aspect (Easthope 168). But if literature cannot be defined at all, then it means that it is something which can cause confusion among people—academic and common alike. Eagleton though has a different idea on what can be regarded as literature. According to Eagleton, literature is defined by the particular language it utilizes. He asserts that literature â€Å"transforms and intensifies ordinary language, deviates systematically from everyday speech† (2). Thus, any work can be regarded as literature if it uses a special language unique only to literature and very different form â€Å"everyday speech†. Going back to the thesis of the paper, if what Eagleton says is true, then it just means that literature is not universal since there would be people who would fail to understand this special literary language used in literature. If the language in literature is uncommon and unique only to literature, then it uses a particular language which would distinguish it from other words that people use. However, there is a counterargument to this claim presented by Leech and Short (as cited by Simpson). According to Leech and Short, although literature uses a particular set of language and linguistics unique to it, it still manages to use the ordinary language in a way that it is just creatively expressed (as cited by Simpson 6). In fact, what makes the literalists the same as other people is that they follow a particular set of rules the same way that a lawyer or journalist or doctor would be using particular vocabulary and sentence construction that is unique to their profession. Thus, literature is unique in the sense that it uses creative language but it is not unique in the aspect that it is the only discourse that is unique in using a different set of codes or syntax. It is Horace, who first came up with the idea that literature serves two purposes: utile et dulce. That is, literature can educate people and be utilized by the masses (utile) and literature can be appreciated for its sheer ascetic creativity that brings out the beauty in the things around human beings—nature and human nature. Horace concludes that there are two purposes, literature is not something which can only serve one master—to either teach people something or to showcase its literary beauty—instead, it should be a balance of what literature is trying to aim for. However, modern literary critics and academicians believe otherwise: Literature should just either be a utile or be a dulce. L. Insana on â€Å"Redefining Dulce et Utile: Boccacio’s Organization of Literature on Economic Terms† uses this argument on utile and dulce in trying to find out what Boccaccio is trying to express in his controversial Decameron that both teaches the public something and at the same time, it reveals a literary beauty that only Boccaccio can create (n. p. ). Thus, while the concept of dulce and utile may be something that has long been created hundreds of years ago, it can be applied even to economic settings as what Insana has done in the critique of Boccaccio’s Decameron. Nowadays, the argument that literature is either a utile or dulce is not true anymore since literature not serves many other purposes outside utile and dulce. For example, literature can be a means to unite the world through form and content—serving as a means for people to unite in a single universal thread—something which is opposite to the thesis of this paper and something which this paper is trying to disprove of. There are conclusions that literature is connects people because it has the ability to link each culture and group not just by the means of language but also through experiences. People are united because of literature exists to have the â€Å"same universal thread† with other literature. All in all, this is what literature is believed to be used for: â€Å"to give us a better understanding of who we are, and a greater ability to know others and thereby help us to understand others, not destroy them†. This universal thread opinion on the objective and form of literature is truthful in some way since the experiences of societies are almost the same as everyone else: Works of literature consist of ‘human experience’ and so contrast with the texts of mass or popular culture; created by individual authors literature can evoke a ‘genuine personal response’ in the reader—as Leavis explains elsewhere (see Leavis and Thompson 1933), popular culture, collectively and commercially produced, is stereotyped, formulaic, anonymous and deficient in ‘human experience’. (Easthope 4) Each individual, no matter where they come from or what they do experiences the same needs, desires and wants to the person next to him/her. People all suffer, people all feel happiness, people all have the capability to love and be loved and people will die one day. Thus, all the collation of hopes, dreams and fears are true no matter where you may go. However, the experiences of a society are still different from another. Though they do experience the same economic or political problem like the other societies and countries, their own experience is unique only to themselves. Literature, particularly fiction, conspires to human freedom: in this way it has a political effect. But the vision projected by literature, its implicit philosophy, sits opposite the political understanding of the world. (Rolin 40) Thus, though a person in Japan feels the same heart ache as that of a person in Wales and writes the same kind of poem or prose that centers on their grief, it would still be different because of the certain cultural aspects that envelopes them. All in all, this is what is being pointed out why literature can never be the same for all the people in the world—because each group of people contains certain cultural influences and characteristics that are only unique to them. Aside from language which clearly differentiates one culture or country to another, there is also the history to consider, the traditions and even the practices of a particular culture. Zipes clearly gives an example in how fairy tales of a country is used to determine the differences of the locale’s color and beliefs: Each village and community in Europe and in North America developed various modes of storytelling and different types of tales that were closely connected to their customs, laws, morals, and beliefs. (xvi) The same way that a man tends to sway more towards the non-fictional forms of literature or the comic books and sci-fi, women tends to gravitate more to the romantic and whimsical forms of literature, there are also differences in how the literature of a village or community in a particular country in a very specific time would be different from another country in a altogether different time span. Though human experience is the same for everyone, there are still great and tremendous differences in human experiences that would make literature very non-universal and would instead be concluded as being very cultural. A very specific example would be the language of a culture or a nation; Eagleton explains that literature contains a unique language to be identified with just literature, that such â€Å"literary discourse estranges or alienates ordinary speech† (2). However, he also points out that though ordinary speech is alienated, the said literary discourse also â€Å"brings us into a fuller, more intimate possession of experience† (Eagleton 2). Literature through the means of language becomes more complex and yet meaningful—something that each culture can relate to as they have their own distinctive features. Another example would be in how a famous literary figure, Defoe has written fictional works that â€Å"are admired today†¦[and] can be found in the material of journalism he practiced in an age when the boundaries between journalism and fiction, fact and fancy, were less distinguishable than they are today† (Underwood 45). This example illustrates how any form of literature can imitate the life and time of the author making the literature one of its kind when compared to other literary works that also imitates the life and times of their particular authors. But most credible as an evidence and sample to thesis is perhaps the case of how William Shakespeare embodies his play, Henry V as something that reflects the early English life, according to Schwyzer: Henry V is traditionally regarded as the most English of the histories, and hence of all Shakespeare’s works. The words ‘‘England’’ and ‘‘English’’ resound through the play, occurring more than one hundred times. Henry is constantly reminding his men of what they are or should be capable of on the basis of their Englishness, and he is himself referred to by the French king as ‘‘Harry England. ’’ (Schwyzer 126) What Schwyzer presents is not that the play was inspired by England or the life of England, but that it the play itself evokes or contains themes of what it remains to be seemed as English. This â€Å"englishness† as what Schwyzer calls it is another term for the existence of a national literature that aims to mirror what it means for a particular nation to be a nation. In conclusion, there is no universal thread the links human being together even of literature shows the same human experience for everyone. Literature is not universal; it is cultural because of the many distinct features that are embodied in a literary work like language, way of life, background, etc. However, though literature is no universal, it is still an ongoing process of development and improvement that hopefully one day, does indeed bridge the world together and be called universal. Works Cited Eagleton, Terry. Literary Theory: an Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1996. Print. Easthope, Antony. Literary into Cultural Studies. New York: Routledge, 1991. Print. Insana, L. â€Å"Redefining Dulce et Utile: Boccacio’s Organization of Literature on Economic Terms†. Heliotropia 2. 1 (2004). Web. Heliotropia. org. 17 May 2010. Rolin, Olivier. â€Å"The Subtle Genius of the Novel†. The Review of Contemporary Fiction 28. 3 (2008): 40. Web. Literature Resource Center. 16 May 2010. Schwyzer, Philip. Literature, Nationalism, and Memory in Early Modern England and Wales. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Print. Simpson, Paul. Language Through Literature: an Introduction. New York: Routledge, 1997. Print. Trupe, Alice. Thematic Guide to Young Adult Literature. Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2006. Print. Underwood, Doug. Journalism and the Novel: Truth and Fiction, 1700-2000. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Print. Zipes, Jack (ed). The Oxford Companion to Fairy Tales. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.